Art of spinning cotton.



G. M. WHlTIN.

ART OF SPINNING COTTON.

Patented May 16, 1916.

INVENTOR WITNESSES arana GEORGE M. WHITIN,- 0F WHITINSVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO THE WHITIN MACHINE WORKS, OF WHITINSVILLE, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

ART OF SPINNING COTTON.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 8, 1912. Serial No. 713,999.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Gronen M. WHITIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Whitinsville, county of Worcester, and State of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement in the Art of Spinning Cotton, of which the following is a full and true specification.

The invention relates to the spinning of cotton, and its object is to increase" the production of spinning machines by decreasing the amount of twist without impairing or altering the character of the yarn, the invention being applicable to the production of warp or filling yarns as desired, and being capable of use on any of the existing machines without substantial mechanical alteration, or by means of simple additions or attachments to such machines.

The invention consists, briefly, in making the yarn out of two un-spun rovings, maintaining the latter in a separated and definitely spaced relation while they lpass through the drawing rolls, and spinning them together into the single yarn as they emerge from the rolls in the said separated condition, so that the spinning twist will run up to the fork formed by the portions of the two rovings which converge from the bite-line ofthe rolls to the point where they merge into the yarn, which is the point of actual yarn formation. By such separated disposition of the rovings, a slight twist becomes thereby imparted to the individual rovings as they pass through and while they form the branches of. the fork, so that the resulting yarn becomes formed of two separately and slightly twisted rovings, jointly twisted together. This distribution of the twista part going to the individual rovings before their union in the yarnas well as also the separate attenuation of the rovings in the drawing rolls, accounts in part at least, as I believe, for the results of my invention, since I have discovered that the total twist imparted in this way to the yarn can be decreased by as much as 10% or more, the tensile or breakage strength remaining the same or being higher. Such decreased degree of twist is noticeably lower than standard practice requires for the same quality of product, and

in respect to certain numbers and qualities of yarn, is lower than would be possible to make yarn of commercial value according to the present methods. While rovings to be spun have heretofore been delivered to the drawing rolls in a separated relation, under certain special conditions, I believe I am the first to recognize that by such arrangement a less amount of twist is required, and I am the first also to apply such arrangement to the end of increasing the production of spinning machines and thereby decreasing. the cost of manufacture.

To apply the invention to ordinary spinning machinery, it is only necessary that the rovings entering the back of the drawing rolls be guided or directed so as to follow separate parallel courses, spaced uniformly apart by about of an inch, more or less, so that they will emerge from the bite-line of the front pair of rolls at the same degree of separation, extending thence in a clear stretch without engagement with any twistobstructing part to the spindle mechanism, as will be clear from the drawings, which form part hereof. In such drawings, I have shown the principal parts of a ring spinning frame adapted to carry out the improvement. 7 4

Figure 1 is a section through the drawing rolls and spindle mechanism of such a spinning frame; Fig. 2 is a top plan of the drawing rolls with the upper rolls of each pair removed. In this figure the rovings and the yarn are both represented in their actual relation under working conditions by the lines a and b. Fig. 3 is a rear view of Fig. 2 with the back top roll in place. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of a modified form of roving guide suitable for this invention. Fig. 5 is a cross-section thereof through the yarn holes.

In Fig. 1, the usual three pairs of drawing rolls are marked 1, 2 and 3, respectively, and will be understood to be properly supported and geared so that the front rolls may rotate, as usual, more rapidly than back,

trumpet guide 9 into the bite of a. back rolls 3. The spacer plate is preferably secured to the usual reciprocating traverse bar 10 by means of the same screw 11 which holds the trumpet 9 thereon, and is centrally placed with respect to the axis of' such trumpet, so that the rovings will be thereby kept symmetrically separated and at opposite sides of the trumpet while passing through the orifice thereof, and will pass thence directly into the back rolls, as indicated in Fig. 2. The diameter of the triunpet orifice in this case determines the degree of separation of the rovings, and should preferably be abouth} of an inch, although a less or a greater distance will suflice, so long as the two rovings are kept separate and out of contact with each other i while undergoing their attenuationin the rolls. It should not, however, in any case exceed of an inch and both rovings should be traversed together and at a unifornrr tion,-marked 15, this point being the crotch or apex of the fork which the rovings make on emerging and converging from the bite line -(16) of the front rolls', as already mentioned.

As a substitute for the means for spacing the rovings, the trumpet itself can be pro-' vided with two holes instead of one, as shown in Figs. 4 and 5, in whichcase the spacer 8 will be superfluous. One roving is passed through one hole' 17 and the other through the other hole 18, the two holes being spaced apartthe required distance, as

,above explained. As a further substitute for such spacing means, the trumpet may have but a single and a relatively very large orifice, and the roving bobbins may be ar'-- ranged in the creel so as to keep one of the two rovings on one side of such orifice and the other on the other, thus maintaining the horizontal separation, as will be obvious without .illustration. In any case, the rovings will pass through the same trumpet device and the same pair of rolls, in which they will be jointly but independently subjected to exactly the same degree of attenuation, the likelihood of slippage on the rolls being reduced to a minimum by reason of the separation. The separated rovings will likewise be subjected jointly to the same horizontal traverse motion within the rolls, by reason of the reciprocating movement of the traverse-bar (10) on which the trumpet device is mounted, this and all the other usual features of the ordinary spinning machine being retained and utilized according to the present invention. It will be particularly noted that the operations of threading up and piecing broken-endsrequire no greater care than heretofore, since the fork referred to will format the bite-line 16 no matter how'fthe separated rovings .are introduced in the back rolls.

The spindle mechanism may rotate at the particular yarn. Theappropriate twist for various kinds of yarn is at present a matter which-is largely determined by established rules and tables, and the best degree of twist for any particular yarn'can thus be determined readily by any person familiar with the subject and without resorting to experimental tests of tensile strength. According to the new method of .spinning, the twist gear of the spinning machine'recommended' by standard practice is substituted by another which will speed the delivery rolls up 10 or. more per cent. and hence decrease the twist to the same extent. The resulting yarn will be found to give the same or a better break, and will also size a slightly higher number than if the same two rovings were spun together in an unseparated relation with the standard or the same, degree of-twist. For example, in the case of a yarn of definite quality, numbering say 26%, approximately 23 turns of twist might be recommended according to standard methods, which onthe average would give a' break of about 71. By the new method,-

yarn of the same quality and character, 2'. 6. made from the same roving, in the same machine, and under like conditions throughout, will require but about20 turns of twist to give substantially the same result. The

increase in delivery fromthe front rolls represented. by this decrease in twist, in the present case about 15%, indicates a correspending increase in the production of the machine without any losses whatever. The

new method of spinning. as first above stat ed, thus brings abouta direct saving in the cost of manufacture. The slightly finer count of the yarn is also an advantage and can be regarded as an economy."

It is, of course, not practicable to give in this specification the appropriate twists or roller-speeds for all of the different counts and difi'erentkinds and qualities of yarns- These can best be determined by the skilled spinner in the case of each particular yarn, observing that by practising this 1 invention he can in any case increase the delivery speed 10% with profit and by making one or two simple breaking tests can readily ascertain the maximum increase possible without loss of strength.

In conclusion, it should be explained that without availing of the advantages of the separation of the rovings to increase the rate of production, the separated rovings will produce yarn of higher strength and finer count than the same rovings spun in the ordinary way.

I claim:

The method of spinning a single yarn from cotton rovings, which consists in simultaneously and equally drawing two cotton rovings arranged side by side and uniformly separated less than one-half inch from each other, by passing them through the same successive pairs of drawing rolls and traversing the same therein, and spinning said drafted rovings together as a fork as they emerge from the bite-line of the last pair of drawing rolls while allowing the twist to run freely into the said fork portions, substantially as herein set forth.

In testimony'whereof, I have signed this specification in the presence of two witnesses.

GEORGE M. WHITIN. Witnesses:

OSCAR L. OWEN, ROBERT L. ME'ICALF. 

